{"id":90,"date":"2026-04-10T02:53:01","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T02:53:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/chapter\/ch026-xhtml\/"},"modified":"2026-05-07T20:31:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-07T20:31:30","slug":"3-6-discussion-of-tracer%e2%80%91specific-issues","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/chapter\/3-6-discussion-of-tracer%e2%80%91specific-issues\/","title":{"raw":"3.6 Discussion of Tracer\u2011Specific Issues","rendered":"3.6 Discussion of Tracer\u2011Specific Issues"},"content":{"raw":"<div id=\"discussion-of-tracerspecific-issues\" class=\"level1\">\r\n<div data-custom-style=\"First Paragraph\">\r\n\r\nBecause it is part of the water molecule, [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] is nearly an ideal tracer for groundwater, and advection and dispersion will have essentially the same effects on tritiated water [latex](HTO)[\/latex] as [latex]H_{2}O[\/latex]. As previously discussed, a small fractionation between water vapor and liquid results in the vapor phase being depleted in [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] relative to the liquid. Nevertheless, [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] can be transported in the vapor phase and this results in important differences between [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] transport and dissolved ions in the unsaturated zone. For example, Phillips and others (1988) showed that [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] in the unsaturated zone in arid regions was transported at a faster rate than [latex]_{}^{36}{Cl}[\/latex] because [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] was transported in both vapor and liquid phases, while [latex]_{}^{36}{Cl}[\/latex] was only transported in liquid phase. Significant [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] transport in the vapor phase has also been observed in the vicinity of nuclear reactors (Noguchi et al., 2001).\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div id=\"discussion-of-tracerspecific-issues\" class=\"level1\">\n<div data-custom-style=\"First Paragraph\">\n<p>Because it is part of the water molecule, [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] is nearly an ideal tracer for groundwater, and advection and dispersion will have essentially the same effects on tritiated water [latex](HTO)[\/latex] as [latex]H_{2}O[\/latex]. As previously discussed, a small fractionation between water vapor and liquid results in the vapor phase being depleted in [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] relative to the liquid. Nevertheless, [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] can be transported in the vapor phase and this results in important differences between [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] transport and dissolved ions in the unsaturated zone. For example, Phillips and others (1988) showed that [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] in the unsaturated zone in arid regions was transported at a faster rate than [latex]_{}^{36}{Cl}[\/latex] because [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] was transported in both vapor and liquid phases, while [latex]_{}^{36}{Cl}[\/latex] was only transported in liquid phase. Significant [latex]_{}^{3}H[\/latex] transport in the vapor phase has also been observed in the vicinity of nuclear reactors (Noguchi et al., 2001).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"menu_order":13,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-90","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":28,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/90","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/90\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":234,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/90\/revisions\/234"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/28"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/90\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=90"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=90"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=90"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/age-dating-young-groundwater\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=90"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}