{"id":90,"date":"2022-07-15T15:06:12","date_gmt":"2022-07-15T15:06:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/domestic-wells-introduction-and-overview\/chapter\/box-1-how-much-water-is-needed-from-a-domestic-well\/"},"modified":"2022-07-15T19:37:33","modified_gmt":"2022-07-15T19:37:33","slug":"box-1-how-much-water-is-needed-from-a-domestic-well","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/domestic-wells-introduction-and-overview\/chapter\/box-1-how-much-water-is-needed-from-a-domestic-well\/","title":{"raw":"Box 1 - How Much Water is Needed from a Domestic Well?","rendered":"Box 1 – How Much Water is Needed from a Domestic Well?"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

In the United States, the average domestic water use is about 300\u00a0L\/day per person (Dieter and Maupin, 2017). Using this amount as an example, a domestic well serving a single-family, four-person household needs to provide 1,200\u00a0L\/day and must be able to provide this in a two-hour period to meet peak water demands. This can be achieved with a combination of well yield and water storage. The storage component can be supplied from both the standing water in the well and\/or a storage tank. Wells with higher yields need less water storage to meet water quantity requirements compared to wells with lower yields.<\/p>\r\n

The amount of available water stored in the well can be calculated from the well depth, well diameter, static water level, and the pump intake setting allowance from the bottom of the well. For example, consider a 20\u00a0m deep, 152\u00a0mm diameter drilled well with a static water level of 5\u00a0m below the ground surface, a pump intake setting allowance of 5\u00a0m (i.e., an available height of the water column of 10 m and a radius of 0.076 m), and a 9\u00a0L\/min well yield will meet the 1,200\u00a0L\/day requirement as illustrated in Figure Box\u00a01-1 and using calculations as outlined in Box\u00a0Table\u00a01-1. However, if that same well had a lower yield of 6\u00a0L\/min, then it would need to be at least 40\u00a0m deep to meet the 1,200\u00a0L\/day requirement. The additional water stored in the casing of the 40\u00a0m deep well will make up for the lower well yield during peak demand. Figure\u00a0Box\u00a01-1 shows examples of well yields and depths that can meet the 1,200\u00a0L\/day requirement and Table\u00a0Box\u00a01-1 shows the calculations used to prepare the figure.<\/p>\r\n

\"Figure<\/p>\r\n

Figure\u00a0Box\u00a01<\/strong>-<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0Wells with various yields and depths that can meet domestic water quantity needs (modified from Nova Scotia Environment and Labour, 2004).<\/p>\r\n

Table<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Box<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>1<\/strong>-<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0Water volume calculations for the wells in Figure\u00a0Box\u00a01-1.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Well Depth (m)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWell Yield (L\/min)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWater Volume from 24-Hour Well Yield (L)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWater Volume from 2-Hour Well Yield (L)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nWater Volume from Well Storage (L)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nTotal Water Volume Available from 2-Hour Well Yield and Well Storage (L)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
20<\/td>\r\n9<\/td>\r\n12,960<\/td>\r\n1,080<\/td>\r\n181<\/td>\r\n1,261<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
40<\/td>\r\n6<\/td>\r\n8,640<\/td>\r\n720<\/td>\r\n544<\/td>\r\n1,264<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
60<\/td>\r\n3<\/td>\r\n4,320<\/td>\r\n360<\/td>\r\n907<\/td>\r\n1,267<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
80<\/td>\r\n1<\/td>\r\n1,440<\/td>\r\n120<\/td>\r\n1,270<\/td>\r\n1,390<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Notes:<\/p>\r\n

1. The target water supply volume of 1,200 L\/day assumes a four-person household with each person using 300 L\/day.<\/p>\r\n

2. It is assumed that the entire water volume of 1,200 L\/day will need to be supplied during a two-hour period to meet the peak demand. In addition, the well yield must be able to replenish this 1,200 L volume within 24 hours on an ongoing daily basis. To satisfy these requirements, the columns in this table named \u201cWater Volume from 24-Hour Well Yield\u201d and \u201cTotal Water Volume Available from 2-Hour Well Yield and Well Storage\u201d must both meet or exceed the target volume of 1,200 L\/day.<\/p>\r\n

3. The \u201cWater Volume from Well Storage\u201d calculation assumes a 152 mm diameter well and that the available drawdown in the well is equal to the well depth minus 10 m (i.e., the static water level in the well is 5 m below ground surface and a 5 m allowance at the bottom of the well is used for a pump setting of 3 m off the bottom and a pump submergence of 2 m). The formula is as follows:
Water Volume from Well Storage (L) =\r\n(Well Depth (m) \u2013 10 m) \u03c0 r2<\/sup> (1,000 L\/m3<\/sup>) = (Well Depth (m) \u2013 10) (3.146) (0.152\/2)2<\/sup> (1,000).<\/p>\r\n

Return to the main text<\/a><\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\n

In the United States, the average domestic water use is about 300\u00a0L\/day per person (Dieter and Maupin, 2017). Using this amount as an example, a domestic well serving a single-family, four-person household needs to provide 1,200\u00a0L\/day and must be able to provide this in a two-hour period to meet peak water demands. This can be achieved with a combination of well yield and water storage. The storage component can be supplied from both the standing water in the well and\/or a storage tank. Wells with higher yields need less water storage to meet water quantity requirements compared to wells with lower yields.<\/p>\n

The amount of available water stored in the well can be calculated from the well depth, well diameter, static water level, and the pump intake setting allowance from the bottom of the well. For example, consider a 20\u00a0m deep, 152\u00a0mm diameter drilled well with a static water level of 5\u00a0m below the ground surface, a pump intake setting allowance of 5\u00a0m (i.e., an available height of the water column of 10 m and a radius of 0.076 m), and a 9\u00a0L\/min well yield will meet the 1,200\u00a0L\/day requirement as illustrated in Figure Box\u00a01-1 and using calculations as outlined in Box\u00a0Table\u00a01-1. However, if that same well had a lower yield of 6\u00a0L\/min, then it would need to be at least 40\u00a0m deep to meet the 1,200\u00a0L\/day requirement. The additional water stored in the casing of the 40\u00a0m deep well will make up for the lower well yield during peak demand. Figure\u00a0Box\u00a01-1 shows examples of well yields and depths that can meet the 1,200\u00a0L\/day requirement and Table\u00a0Box\u00a01-1 shows the calculations used to prepare the figure.<\/p>\n

\"Figure<\/p>\n

Figure\u00a0Box\u00a01<\/strong>–<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0Wells with various yields and depths that can meet domestic water quantity needs (modified from Nova Scotia Environment and Labour, 2004).<\/p>\n

Table<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Box<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>1<\/strong>–<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0Water volume calculations for the wells in Figure\u00a0Box\u00a01-1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Well Depth (m)<\/strong><\/td>\nWell Yield (L\/min)<\/strong><\/td>\nWater Volume from 24-Hour Well Yield (L)<\/strong><\/td>\nWater Volume from 2-Hour Well Yield (L)<\/strong><\/td>\nWater Volume from Well Storage (L)<\/strong><\/td>\nTotal Water Volume Available from 2-Hour Well Yield and Well Storage (L)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
20<\/td>\n9<\/td>\n12,960<\/td>\n1,080<\/td>\n181<\/td>\n1,261<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
40<\/td>\n6<\/td>\n8,640<\/td>\n720<\/td>\n544<\/td>\n1,264<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
60<\/td>\n3<\/td>\n4,320<\/td>\n360<\/td>\n907<\/td>\n1,267<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
80<\/td>\n1<\/td>\n1,440<\/td>\n120<\/td>\n1,270<\/td>\n1,390<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Notes:<\/p>\n

1. The target water supply volume of 1,200 L\/day assumes a four-person household with each person using 300 L\/day.<\/p>\n

2. It is assumed that the entire water volume of 1,200 L\/day will need to be supplied during a two-hour period to meet the peak demand. In addition, the well yield must be able to replenish this 1,200 L volume within 24 hours on an ongoing daily basis. To satisfy these requirements, the columns in this table named \u201cWater Volume from 24-Hour Well Yield\u201d and \u201cTotal Water Volume Available from 2-Hour Well Yield and Well Storage\u201d must both meet or exceed the target volume of 1,200 L\/day.<\/p>\n

3. The \u201cWater Volume from Well Storage\u201d calculation assumes a 152 mm diameter well and that the available drawdown in the well is equal to the well depth minus 10 m (i.e., the static water level in the well is 5 m below ground surface and a 5 m allowance at the bottom of the well is used for a pump setting of 3 m off the bottom and a pump submergence of 2 m). The formula is as follows:
Water Volume from Well Storage (L) =
\n(Well Depth (m) \u2013 10 m) \u03c0 r2<\/sup> (1,000 L\/m3<\/sup>) = (Well Depth (m) \u2013 10) (3.146) (0.152\/2)2<\/sup> (1,000).<\/p>\n

Return to the main text<\/a><\/p>\n

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