{"id":52,"date":"2022-07-14T00:09:12","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T00:09:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/chapter\/error-considerations-for-time-lapse-measurements\/"},"modified":"2022-07-19T14:43:42","modified_gmt":"2022-07-19T14:43:42","slug":"error-considerations-for-time-lapse-measurements","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/chapter\/error-considerations-for-time-lapse-measurements\/","title":{"raw":"3.4  Error Considerations for Time-Lapse Measurements","rendered":"3.4  Error Considerations for Time-Lapse Measurements"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"error-considerations-for-time-lapse-measurements-\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In the case of time-lapse imaging, collecting multiple background datasets can be useful for determining systematic errors and is generally well worth the time, as the most time-consuming part of ER data collection usually is deploying the electrodes and cables, and understanding the background conditions is important to interpreting changes. In systems where a hydrogeologic change is being introduced (infiltration or a tracer test, for instance), collecting multiple background datasets provides some measure of natural variability before the introduction of that change. In cases where fast time-lapse data are needed, collecting a subset of reciprocals\u2014or collecting <em>repeat measurements<\/em> to get errors between two complete data sequences, one collected right after the other\u2014may be a valuable way to get another measure of error beyond stacks. An example of time-lapse monitoring is provided in <a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/chapter\/4d-resistivity-of-a-biostimulation-experiment\/\">Section 5.2<\/a>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"error-considerations-for-time-lapse-measurements-\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In the case of time-lapse imaging, collecting multiple background datasets can be useful for determining systematic errors and is generally well worth the time, as the most time-consuming part of ER data collection usually is deploying the electrodes and cables, and understanding the background conditions is important to interpreting changes. In systems where a hydrogeologic change is being introduced (infiltration or a tracer test, for instance), collecting multiple background datasets provides some measure of natural variability before the introduction of that change. In cases where fast time-lapse data are needed, collecting a subset of reciprocals\u2014or collecting <em>repeat measurements<\/em> to get errors between two complete data sequences, one collected right after the other\u2014may be a valuable way to get another measure of error beyond stacks. An example of time-lapse monitoring is provided in <a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/chapter\/4d-resistivity-of-a-biostimulation-experiment\/\">Section 5.2<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":11,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-52","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":123,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/52","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/52\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":239,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/52\/revisions\/239"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/123"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/52\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=52"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=52"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=52"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=52"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}