{"id":96,"date":"2022-07-14T00:09:35","date_gmt":"2022-07-14T00:09:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/chapter\/solution-exercise-3\/"},"modified":"2022-07-21T16:17:32","modified_gmt":"2022-07-21T16:17:32","slug":"solution-exercise-3","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/chapter\/solution-exercise-3\/","title":{"raw":"Solution Exercise 3","rendered":"Solution Exercise 3"},"content":{"raw":"
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  1. Dead battery: Batteries are sold by the potential difference they maintain and by the amount of electricity (charge) they can deliver. This is equivalent to the height of water behind a dam, and the volume of water that can be released. A dead battery is thus like an empty reservoir.<\/li>\r\n \t
  2. Short circuit: A short circuit occurs when there is a highly electrically conductive pathway across a circuit, shortcutting current flow. The closest analogy in hydrology might be a conductive fracture, which could shortcut flow across an otherwise extremely low permeability rock.<\/li>\r\n \t
  3. Open circuit: An open circuit exists when electric current cannot traverse the entire circuit e.g., if there is a break in the power cord leading to a hair dryer. This would be equivalent to a truly impermeable block of material that water could not move through.<\/li>\r\n \t
  4. Voltmeter: A voltmeter measures a drop in electrical potential in an electric circuit. Heads are the equivalent potential term in hydrology and are measured by a water-level tape (physical or electrical), pressure transducer, a sonic device, or something similar. Of course, a voltmeter and a water-level tape aren\u2019t entirely equivalent. A water-level tape just measures the head at one location. With electricity, we are always looking at differences in voltage. A voltmeter is the electrical equivalent of measuring the head difference between two wells. While in both cases, differences in potential are what drive flow, with heads, we can set a datum and make individual measurements relative to the datum, while with current we need to capture the voltage difference in one measurement.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n

    Return to Exercise 3<\/a><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

    \n
      \n
    1. Dead battery: Batteries are sold by the potential difference they maintain and by the amount of electricity (charge) they can deliver. This is equivalent to the height of water behind a dam, and the volume of water that can be released. A dead battery is thus like an empty reservoir.<\/li>\n
    2. Short circuit: A short circuit occurs when there is a highly electrically conductive pathway across a circuit, shortcutting current flow. The closest analogy in hydrology might be a conductive fracture, which could shortcut flow across an otherwise extremely low permeability rock.<\/li>\n
    3. Open circuit: An open circuit exists when electric current cannot traverse the entire circuit e.g., if there is a break in the power cord leading to a hair dryer. This would be equivalent to a truly impermeable block of material that water could not move through.<\/li>\n
    4. Voltmeter: A voltmeter measures a drop in electrical potential in an electric circuit. Heads are the equivalent potential term in hydrology and are measured by a water-level tape (physical or electrical), pressure transducer, a sonic device, or something similar. Of course, a voltmeter and a water-level tape aren\u2019t entirely equivalent. A water-level tape just measures the head at one location. With electricity, we are always looking at differences in voltage. A voltmeter is the electrical equivalent of measuring the head difference between two wells. While in both cases, differences in potential are what drive flow, with heads, we can set a datum and make individual measurements relative to the datum, while with current we need to capture the voltage difference in one measurement.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Return to Exercise 3<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":40,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-96","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":158,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":380,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96\/revisions\/380"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/158"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/96\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=96"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=96"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/electrical-imaging-for-hydrogeology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=96"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}