{"id":440,"date":"2022-12-11T23:08:59","date_gmt":"2022-12-11T23:08:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/chapter\/exercise-5\/"},"modified":"2023-01-14T16:35:16","modified_gmt":"2023-01-14T16:35:16","slug":"exercise-5","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/chapter\/exercise-5\/","title":{"raw":"Exercise 5","rendered":"Exercise 5"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"exercise-5\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The relative hydraulic conductivity of layers in an aquifer has a significant influence on the magnitude of flow in horizontal and vertical direction. The figure below shows the equation for calculation of the effective horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of a flat lying sedimentary formation with different values of <em>K<\/em> in layers <em>K<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> and <em>K<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>, with thicknesses <em>z<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> and <em>z<\/em><sub class=\"import-GWPNormalSub\">2<\/sub> (Bouwer, 1978).<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><img class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2022\/12\/image79-1.png\" alt=\"Figure showing layers of different hydraulic conductivity\" width=\"811\" height=\"544\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Using the relationship illustrated above and described in detail in the equivalent hydraulic conductivity section of the Groundwater Project book \u201c<a class=\"rId113\" href=\"https:\/\/gw-project.org\/books\/hydrogeologic-properties-of-earth-materials-and-principles-of-groundwater-flow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow<\/span><\/a>\u201d, calculate the equivalent horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of a two-layer aquifer system with each layer 10\u00a0m thick and with homogeneous, isotropic hydraulic conductivity of the shallow layer equal to 1000\u00a0m\/d and the deep layer equal to 1\u00a0m\/d.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/chapter\/exercise-5-solution\/\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Click here for solution to <\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">E<\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">xercise 5<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/chapter\/multiple-porosity-and-permeability-structure\/#TextLinkToExercise5\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Return to where text linked to Exercise 5<\/span><\/a><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"exercise-5\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">The relative hydraulic conductivity of layers in an aquifer has a significant influence on the magnitude of flow in horizontal and vertical direction. The figure below shows the equation for calculation of the effective horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of a flat lying sedimentary formation with different values of <em>K<\/em> in layers <em>K<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> and <em>K<\/em><sub>2<\/sub>, with thicknesses <em>z<\/em><sub>1<\/sub> and <em>z<\/em><sub class=\"import-GWPNormalSub\">2<\/sub> (Bouwer, 1978).<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/27\/2022\/12\/image79-1.png\" alt=\"Figure showing layers of different hydraulic conductivity\" width=\"811\" height=\"544\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Using the relationship illustrated above and described in detail in the equivalent hydraulic conductivity section of the Groundwater Project book \u201c<a class=\"rId113\" href=\"https:\/\/gw-project.org\/books\/hydrogeologic-properties-of-earth-materials-and-principles-of-groundwater-flow\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Hydrogeologic Properties of Earth Materials and Principles of Groundwater Flow<\/span><\/a>\u201d, calculate the equivalent horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivity of a two-layer aquifer system with each layer 10\u00a0m thick and with homogeneous, isotropic hydraulic conductivity of the shallow layer equal to 1000\u00a0m\/d and the deep layer equal to 1\u00a0m\/d.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/chapter\/exercise-5-solution\/\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Click here for solution to <\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">E<\/span><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">xercise 5<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/chapter\/multiple-porosity-and-permeability-structure\/#TextLinkToExercise5\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Return to where text linked to Exercise 5<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":29,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-440","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":556,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/440","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/440\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":846,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/440\/revisions\/846"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/556"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/440\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=440"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=440"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=440"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/introduction-to-karst-aquifers\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=440"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}