{"id":372,"date":"2022-04-11T16:52:34","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T16:52:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/chapter\/6-3-the-source-water\/"},"modified":"2022-04-17T05:39:52","modified_gmt":"2022-04-17T05:39:52","slug":"6-3-the-source-water","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/chapter\/6-3-the-source-water\/","title":{"raw":"6.3 The Source Water","rendered":"6.3 The Source Water"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

Source water for injecting into the Windhoek Aquifer (Figure\u00a029) is treated dam water plus reclaimed wastewater.<\/p>\r\n

\"Photo<\/p>\r\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>2<\/strong>9<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Injection borehole site with indication of source water (Murray, 2017).<\/p>\r\n

The main source of water supply to Windhoek is the Eastern National Water Carrier, a pipeline that connects the Omatako dam in the north and the Swakoppoort dam in the west with the Von Bach dam located in the central area (Figure\u00a030).<\/p>\r\n

\"Photos<\/p>\r\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>30<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>a)\u00a0Von Bach Dam, Photo by Menges, 2020 in The Namibian<\/span><\/a>. b)\u00a0Swakoppoort<\/span><\/a> Dam<\/span><\/a>, Photo by Baumeler, 2017.<\/p>\r\n

In 2005, the demand of 21\u00a0Mm3<\/span><\/sup>\/year was met by: 1\u00a0Mm3<\/span><\/sup> from boreholes, 5\u00a0Mm3<\/span><\/sup> from the New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (Figure\u00a031), and 15\u00a0Mm\u00b3<\/span> from surface water in reservoirs (van Rensburg, 2006). The reclamation process is based on the multiple treatment barriers concept to reduce associated risks and improve the water quality. This includes pre-ozonation, enhanced coagulation\/dissolved air flotation\/rapid sand filtration, and subsequent ozonation, biological and granular activated carbon, filtration\/adsorption, ultrafiltration, and chlorination (van Rensburg, 2006; du Pisanie, 2007).<\/p>\r\n

\"Photos<\/p>\r\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>3<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (van Rensburg, 2006).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\n

Source water for injecting into the Windhoek Aquifer (Figure\u00a029) is treated dam water plus reclaimed wastewater.<\/p>\n

\"Photo<\/p>\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>2<\/strong>9<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Injection borehole site with indication of source water (Murray, 2017).<\/p>\n

The main source of water supply to Windhoek is the Eastern National Water Carrier, a pipeline that connects the Omatako dam in the north and the Swakoppoort dam in the west with the Von Bach dam located in the central area (Figure\u00a030).<\/p>\n

\"Photos<\/p>\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>30<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>a)\u00a0Von Bach Dam, Photo by Menges, 2020 in The Namibian<\/span><\/a>. b)\u00a0Swakoppoort<\/span><\/a> Dam<\/span><\/a>, Photo by Baumeler, 2017.<\/p>\n

In 2005, the demand of 21\u00a0Mm3<\/span><\/sup>\/year was met by: 1\u00a0Mm3<\/span><\/sup> from boreholes, 5\u00a0Mm3<\/span><\/sup> from the New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (Figure\u00a031), and 15\u00a0Mm\u00b3<\/span> from surface water in reservoirs (van Rensburg, 2006). The reclamation process is based on the multiple treatment barriers concept to reduce associated risks and improve the water quality. This includes pre-ozonation, enhanced coagulation\/dissolved air flotation\/rapid sand filtration, and subsequent ozonation, biological and granular activated carbon, filtration\/adsorption, ultrafiltration, and chlorination (van Rensburg, 2006; du Pisanie, 2007).<\/p>\n

\"Photos<\/p>\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>3<\/strong>1<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant (van Rensburg, 2006).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":31,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-372","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":193,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/372","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/372\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":604,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/372\/revisions\/604"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/193"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/372\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=372"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=372"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=372"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=372"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}