{"id":401,"date":"2022-04-11T16:53:06","date_gmt":"2022-04-11T16:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/chapter\/8-5-scheme-elements\/"},"modified":"2022-04-16T16:22:51","modified_gmt":"2022-04-16T16:22:51","slug":"8-5-scheme-elements","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/chapter\/8-5-scheme-elements\/","title":{"raw":"8.5 Scheme Elements","rendered":"8.5 Scheme Elements"},"content":{"raw":"
\r\n

The presently authorized groundwater use of 11.5\u00a0L\/s (about 1,000\u00a0m3<\/sup>\/day) from the Kwanokathula Aquifer could potentially be tripled to about 3,000\u00a0m3<\/sup>\/day through MAR. The aquifer would need to hold the recharged water from winter when it is recharged until summer when the water is abstracted again during the peak season. The summer peak demand for Plettenberg Bay is 12 to 13 million liters\/day and the peak week Christmas-New Year is 17 to 18\u00a0million liters\/day. The water supply scheme elements are shown in Figure\u00a043. The MAR pre-feasibility study indicated how the scheme could be expanded (Figure\u00a044).<\/p>\r\n

\"Schematic<\/p>\r\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>4<\/strong>3<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Schematic diagram of the existing water supply arrangements for Greater Plettenberg Bay (Murray, 2007).<\/p>\r\n

\"image<\/p>\r\n

Figure<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>4<\/strong>4<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Kwanokathula\u2019s existing and planned boreholes (Murray and Ravenscroft, 2010). Existing abstraction = yellow; planned abstraction = dark green; planned injection = bright green; planned monitoring = orange.<\/p>\r\n

The study also indicated how peak demand could be met through incorporation of MAR into the Plettenberg Bay supply system (Table\u00a011). Injection would take place July-September and abstraction November-March, with rest periods in between.<\/p>\r\n

Table\u00a011\u00a0<\/strong>-<\/strong>\u00a0Existing and proposed water supply for Plettenberg Bay (after Murray and Ravenscroft, 2010).<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Water supply<\/strong><\/td>\r\nSource<\/strong><\/td>\r\nComment<\/strong><\/td>\r\n(ml\/day)<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Existing water supply<\/strong><\/td>\r\nSurface water (drought)\r\nExisting boreholes\r\nRoodefontein Dam<\/td>\r\n8.6 million liters\/day (normal)\r\n(off-channel storage dam)<\/td>\r\n6.9\r\n3.4\r\n2.8<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Existing water supply <\/strong><\/td>\r\nDesalination\r\n(under construction \u2013 Nov. 2010)<\/td>\r\n(during peak demand periods)<\/td>\r\n2.0<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Proposed water supply<\/strong><\/td>\r\nArtificial recharge<\/td>\r\n(over the 5 peak demand months)<\/td>\r\n2.3<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
Total<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n17.4<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

MAR Cost Comparison with Desalination<\/h1>\r\n

The estimated cost of the proposed option is approximately US$\u00a01.8\u00a0million. It was proposed that the project be implemented in phases with the first phase targeted for completion in 2013. The MAR capital cost is about a third of the current cost of desalination plants, which would serve a similar application of being used only during the peak demand periods. The operational costs of artificial recharge are also expected to be considerably less than desalination (Murray and Ravenscroft, 2010).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\n

The presently authorized groundwater use of 11.5\u00a0L\/s (about 1,000\u00a0m3<\/sup>\/day) from the Kwanokathula Aquifer could potentially be tripled to about 3,000\u00a0m3<\/sup>\/day through MAR. The aquifer would need to hold the recharged water from winter when it is recharged until summer when the water is abstracted again during the peak season. The summer peak demand for Plettenberg Bay is 12 to 13 million liters\/day and the peak week Christmas-New Year is 17 to 18\u00a0million liters\/day. The water supply scheme elements are shown in Figure\u00a043. The MAR pre-feasibility study indicated how the scheme could be expanded (Figure\u00a044).<\/p>\n

\"Schematic<\/p>\n

Figure\u00a0<\/strong>4<\/strong>3<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Schematic diagram of the existing water supply arrangements for Greater Plettenberg Bay (Murray, 2007).<\/p>\n

\"image<\/p>\n

Figure<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>4<\/strong>4<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong>Kwanokathula\u2019s existing and planned boreholes (Murray and Ravenscroft, 2010). Existing abstraction = yellow; planned abstraction = dark green; planned injection = bright green; planned monitoring = orange.<\/p>\n

The study also indicated how peak demand could be met through incorporation of MAR into the Plettenberg Bay supply system (Table\u00a011). Injection would take place July-September and abstraction November-March, with rest periods in between.<\/p>\n

Table\u00a011\u00a0<\/strong>–<\/strong>\u00a0Existing and proposed water supply for Plettenberg Bay (after Murray and Ravenscroft, 2010).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Water supply<\/strong><\/td>\nSource<\/strong><\/td>\nComment<\/strong><\/td>\n(ml\/day)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Existing water supply<\/strong><\/td>\nSurface water (drought)
\nExisting boreholes
\nRoodefontein Dam<\/td>\n		8.6 million liters\/day (normal)
\n(off-channel storage dam)<\/td>\n		6.9
\n3.4
\n2.8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Existing water supply <\/strong><\/td>\nDesalination
\n(under construction \u2013 Nov. 2010)<\/td>\n		(during peak demand periods)<\/td>\n2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Proposed water supply<\/strong><\/td>\nArtificial recharge<\/td>\n(over the 5 peak demand months)<\/td>\n2.3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Total<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/td>\n17.4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

MAR Cost Comparison with Desalination<\/h1>\n

The estimated cost of the proposed option is approximately US$\u00a01.8\u00a0million. It was proposed that the project be implemented in phases with the first phase targeted for completion in 2013. The MAR capital cost is about a third of the current cost of desalination plants, which would serve a similar application of being used only during the peak demand periods. The operational costs of artificial recharge are also expected to be considerably less than desalination (Murray and Ravenscroft, 2010).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":47,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-401","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":199,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/401","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/401\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":572,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/401\/revisions\/572"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/199"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/401\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=401"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=401"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/managed-aquifer-recharge-southern-africa\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=401"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}