{"id":121,"date":"2023-08-23T20:46:48","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T20:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/chapter\/exercise-2-calculation-of-recharge-altitude\/"},"modified":"2024-01-14T16:21:28","modified_gmt":"2024-01-14T16:21:28","slug":"exercise-2-calculation-of-recharge-altitude","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/chapter\/exercise-2-calculation-of-recharge-altitude\/","title":{"raw":"Exercise\u00a02\u00a0-\u00a0Calculation of Recharge Altitude","rendered":"Exercise\u00a02\u00a0–\u00a0Calculation of Recharge Altitude"},"content":{"raw":"
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Determine the recharge altitude of the Kirstenbosch spring, which is 160\u00a0masl, by working through the 4 items listed here.<\/p>\r\n \r\n\r\n1. Calculate the mean isotopic composition of the spring water based on the measurements provided in this table.\r\n

Stable isotope data for the Kirstenbosch spring<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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date<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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\u03b4D<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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\u03b418<\/sup>O<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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March 2010<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-13.7<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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November 2010<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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May 2011<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-12.4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.71<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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October 2011<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-12.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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May 2012<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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September 2012<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-10.1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-2.37<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n2. Calculate the weighted mean stable isotope compositions (ignore missing values) for the University of Cape Town (135 masl) and the Table Mountain Cableway (1074 masl) using the 3-year dataset provided in the table on the following page.\r\n

3. Use the weighted means caclulated in item 2 to calculate an altitude effect for Table Mountain.<\/p>\r\n

4. Calculate the recharge altitude of the Kirstenbosch spring.<\/p>\r\n

Stable isotope data for precipitation at UCT and the Table Mountain Upper Cableway Station.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
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UCT<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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TMC<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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D<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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\u03b418<\/sup>O<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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Precipitation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

mm<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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D<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

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Precipitation<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

mm<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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2010<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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F<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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13<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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M<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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7<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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A<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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45<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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M<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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275<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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280<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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170<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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166<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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200<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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A<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-4.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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121<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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150<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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S<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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101<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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100<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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O<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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103<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-16.3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.04<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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120<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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N<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-6.2<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-2.39<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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73<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-2.65<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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90<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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D<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-39.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-5.06<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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17<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-2.35<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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60<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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2011<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-5.2<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-0.15<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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16<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-1.2<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-0.75<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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30<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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F<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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13.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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+3.19<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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20<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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M<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-23.6<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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16<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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50<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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A<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-5.8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-2.73<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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111<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-14.8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-4.61<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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90<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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M<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-12.3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.69<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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145<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-4.17<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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142<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-18.3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-4.82<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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191<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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150<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-14.6<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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49<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-4.71<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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70<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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A<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-2.63<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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209<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-14.4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-4.64<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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165<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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S<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-0.1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-1.51<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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141<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-9.2<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.51<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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115<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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O<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-17.0<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.48<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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41<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-13.6<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.84<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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100<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

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N<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-12.0<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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-3.21<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

72<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-17.4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-4.64<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

100<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

D<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-1.6<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.05<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

62<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-9.6<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-3.51<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

90<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

2012<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

+5.4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

+0.78<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

46<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-4.7<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.93<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

130<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

F<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.5<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-0.68<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

21<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-1.0<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.05<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

80<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

M<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-11.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-3.07<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

69<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-12.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-3.91<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

110<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

A<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-9.8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-3.12<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

133<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-13.7<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-4.34<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

130<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

M<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-10.4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-3.08<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

143<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

155<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-6.4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-4.15<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

230<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-8.7<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.32<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

200<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

J<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-8.8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.67<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

300<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-7.6<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.93<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

240<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

A<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-13.5<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-3.25<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

214<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-20.8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-4.82<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

145<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

S<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-10.8<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-2.36<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

172<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-22.4<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-5.75<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

215<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

O<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-7.1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-3.16<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

44<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

123<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

N<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

+0.1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-1.08<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

60<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

44<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

D<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

+6.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

-0.17<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

10<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

\r\n
\r\n

20<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

Click for solution to Exercise\u00a02<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

\n

Determine the recharge altitude of the Kirstenbosch spring, which is 160\u00a0masl, by working through the 4 items listed here.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

1. Calculate the mean isotopic composition of the spring water based on the measurements provided in this table.<\/p>\n

Stable isotope data for the Kirstenbosch spring<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

date<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\u03b4D<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2206\u2030<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\u03b418<\/sup>O<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2206\u2030<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\n
\n

March 2010<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-13.7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.01<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

November 2010<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-9.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.03<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

May 2011<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-12.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.71<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

October 2011<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-12.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.04<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

May 2012<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-10.2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.48<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

September 2012<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-10.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.37<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

2. Calculate the weighted mean stable isotope compositions (ignore missing values) for the University of Cape Town (135 masl) and the Table Mountain Cableway (1074 masl) using the 3-year dataset provided in the table on the following page.<\/p>\n

3. Use the weighted means caclulated in item 2 to calculate an altitude effect for Table Mountain.<\/p>\n

4. Calculate the recharge altitude of the Kirstenbosch spring.<\/p>\n

Stable isotope data for precipitation at UCT and the Table Mountain Upper Cableway Station.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

UCT<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

TMC<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

D<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2030<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\u03b418<\/sup>O<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2030<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

Precipitation<\/strong><\/p>\n

mm<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

D<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2030<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\u03b418<\/sup>O<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u2030<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

Precipitation<\/strong><\/p>\n

mm<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

2010<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+9.7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+0.75<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

F<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-5.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-0.54<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

13<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

M<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+0.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-0.83<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-12.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.25<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

45<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

M<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-8.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.78<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

275<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-15.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.14<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

280<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-17.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.31<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

201<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-24.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.35<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

170<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-15.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.69<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

166<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

200<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-1.74<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

121<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

150<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

S<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.24<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

101<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

100<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

O<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.15<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

103<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-16.3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.04<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

120<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

N<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-6.2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.39<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

73<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-13.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.65<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

90<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

D<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-39.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-5.06<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

17<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-16.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.35<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

60<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

2011<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-5.2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-0.15<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

16<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-1.2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-0.75<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

30<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

F<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

13.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+3.19<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

20<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

M<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-23.6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.12<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

16<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

50<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-5.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.73<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

111<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-14.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.61<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

90<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

M<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-12.3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.69<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

145<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-14.7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.17<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

142<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-18.3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.82<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

191<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-16.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.85<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

150<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-14.6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.68<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

49<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-11.6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.71<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

70<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.63<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

209<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-14.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.64<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

165<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

S<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-0.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-1.51<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

141<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-9.2<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.51<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

115<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

O<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-17.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.48<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

41<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-13.6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.84<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

100<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

N<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-12.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.21<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

72<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-17.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.64<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

100<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

D<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-1.6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.05<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

62<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-9.6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.51<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

90<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

2012<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+5.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+0.78<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

46<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.93<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

130<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

F<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-0.68<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

21<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-1.0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.05<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

80<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

M<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-11.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.07<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

69<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-12.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.91<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

110<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-9.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.12<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

133<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-13.7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.34<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

130<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

M<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-10.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.08<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

143<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

155<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-6.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.15<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

230<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-8.7<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.32<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

200<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

J<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-8.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.67<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

300<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-7.6<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.93<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

240<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

A<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-13.5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.25<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

214<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-20.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-4.82<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

145<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

S<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-10.8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-2.36<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

172<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-22.4<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-5.75<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

215<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

O<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-7.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-3.16<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

44<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

123<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

N<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+0.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-1.08<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

60<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

44<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n
\n

D<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

+6.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

-0.17<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

10<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

\n
\n

20<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Click for solution to Exercise\u00a02<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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