{"id":122,"date":"2023-08-23T20:46:48","date_gmt":"2023-08-23T20:46:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/chapter\/exercise-3-hydrograph-separation\/"},"modified":"2024-01-14T16:22:46","modified_gmt":"2024-01-14T16:22:46","slug":"exercise-3-hydrograph-separation","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/chapter\/exercise-3-hydrograph-separation\/","title":{"raw":"Exercise\u00a03\u00a0-\u00a0Hydrograph Separation","rendered":"Exercise\u00a03\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0Hydrograph Separation"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"exercise\u00a03\u00a0-\u00a0hydrograph-separation\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In the most simplified case, the surface water flow from a catchment may comprise only baseflow (groundwater discharge to the river). One notch of added complexity is that the surface water may comprise a mixture of baseflow and precipitation. For this scenario in Yongan watershed in Zhejiang, eastern China, estimate the fractions of groundwater and precipitation contributing to surface water flow using the data from Hu and others (2020) provided in the table below. Comment on the significance of the errors (as shown in the table) to the estimated proportions.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stable isotope data for key flows in <\/strong><strong>Yongan<\/strong><strong>, Zhejiang, China<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<table style=\"height: 127px;\" width=\"1406\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 21.55pt;\">\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Sample Type<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>\u03b4<sup>2<\/sup>H (<span style=\"font-size: NaNpt; color: #; ; text-decoration: none;\">\u2030<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>\u03b4<sup class=\"import-GWPTableSuper\">18<\/sup>O (<span style=\"font-size: NaNpt; color: #; ; text-decoration: none;\">\u2030<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 14.4pt;\">\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Precipitation<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-33.9 \u00b1 24.1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-6.4 \u00b1 2.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 14.4pt;\">\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">River water<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-42.8 \u00b1 6.1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-6.9 \u00b1 1.1<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 14.4pt;\">\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Groundwater<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-44.7 \u00b1 3.3<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\r\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-7.2 \u00b1 0.9<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/chapter\/solution-exercise-3-hydrograph-separation\/\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Click for solution to Exercise\u00a03<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"exercise\u00a03\u00a0-\u00a0hydrograph-separation\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">In the most simplified case, the surface water flow from a catchment may comprise only baseflow (groundwater discharge to the river). One notch of added complexity is that the surface water may comprise a mixture of baseflow and precipitation. For this scenario in Yongan watershed in Zhejiang, eastern China, estimate the fractions of groundwater and precipitation contributing to surface water flow using the data from Hu and others (2020) provided in the table below. Comment on the significance of the errors (as shown in the table) to the estimated proportions.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>Stable isotope data for key flows in <\/strong><strong>Yongan<\/strong><strong>, Zhejiang, China<\/strong><\/p>\n<table style=\"height: 127px; width: 1406px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 21.55pt;\">\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Sample Type<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>\u03b4<sup>2<\/sup>H (<span style=\"font-size: NaNpt; color: #; ; text-decoration: none;\">\u2030<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><strong>\u03b4<sup class=\"import-GWPTableSuper\">18<\/sup>O (<span style=\"font-size: NaNpt; color: #; ; text-decoration: none;\">\u2030<\/span>)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 14.4pt;\">\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Precipitation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-33.9 \u00b1 24.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0.5pt solid windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-6.4 \u00b1 2.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 14.4pt;\">\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">River water<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-42.8 \u00b1 6.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0pt windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-6.9 \u00b1 1.1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"GWPTable-R\" style=\"height: 14.4pt;\">\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 514.233px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">Groundwater<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 478.067px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-44.7 \u00b1 3.3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"GWPTable-C\" style=\"border-top: 0pt windowtext; border-bottom: 0.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0px 2.15pt; width: 395.4px;\">\n<div class=\"GWPTable-firstRow\">\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">-7.2 \u00b1 0.9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/chapter\/solution-exercise-3-hydrograph-separation\/\"><span class=\"import-Hyperlink\">Click for solution to Exercise\u00a03<\/span><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"menu_order":34,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-122","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":190,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":508,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/122\/revisions\/508"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/190"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/122\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=122"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=122"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/books.gw-project.org\/stable-isotope-hydrology\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}