4.7 Evaluation and Way Ahead

As a result of nearly doubling the sustainable yield of the Omdel scheme by means of MAR, the construction of a major capital project, a seawater desalination plant, was delayed (Water Scarcity Solutions, 2015).

The rate of reservoir sedimentation is a major concern. Removal of sediment from the reservoir during the dry season is not economically viable, so reducing the rate of sedimentation through improved watershed management practices is important. Rotational grazing and de-stocking during dry periods can be instrumental in reducing land degradation (Amwele et al., 2004).

In a very arid country such as Namibia, it is imperative to seek innovative mechanisms to conserve water. Groundwater use makes up 38 percent of all water use and 60 percent of all urban use. Major mines in the coastal region have been completely dependent on groundwater, although new desalination plants have reduced dependency (Earthwise contributors, 2019). Elements of water demand management – for example conjunctive use of water and use of unconventional sources – are developed, implemented and well accepted by decision makers in Namibia. Improved management along with the commercialization of bulk water supply is probably giving Namibia an edge in this regard. Planning of Omaruru Delta scheme benefitted from both the research and practical experience related to storage of water in sand that was gained over many years in Namibia. For a sustainable water service in this challenging environment, the importance of adequate technical capacity within government and the private sector, in addition to theoretical understanding of integrated water resource management, cannot be over-emphasized (GWP, 2009).